Tuesday, 10 October 2017

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where the mind is without fear Rabindranath Tagore short summary

where the mind is without fear Rabindranath Tagore


“Where the mind is Without Fear” by Rabindranath Tagore is one of his vastly read and discussed
poems. It was originally composed in Bengali possibly in 1900 under the title “Prarthana”, meaning
prayer. It appeared in the volume called ‘Naibedya’ in 1901. Later in 1911 Tagore himself translated the
Bengali poem into English and that translation appeared as poem 35 in his Nobel winning anthology
“Gitanjali” (Song Offerings) published by the Indian Society, London in 1912.
So when the poem was written, India was under the British Rule and people were eagerly waiting to get
their freedom from the British Rule. The poem is written in the form of a prayer to the God, the
Almighty for a true freedom for his country. And thus Tagore reveals his own concept of freedom
throughout the poem, Where the Mind is Without Fear.

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preface to the memorian alfred lord Tennyson short summary

preface to the memorian -alfred lord Tennyson

Tennyson (whether it's the real-life Tennyson or a fictionalized version is up for grabs) kicks things off
with a prologue that evokes Jesus as a sort of muse. Our speaker seems hopeful that there is a reason
for man's existence and a bigger plan for everyone. Humans are puny in comparison to God, and that's
why people grieve so much. They just can't see the larger plan and can't get enough distance to put
things like the loss of human life within a greater context.
The speaker gets right to some heavy-duty mourning over a close friend's death (who we later find out is
named Arthur). He re-creates in his mind how his friend's body came back to England from Italy.
Tennyson moves through various stages of grief, from "calm despair" to "wild and wandering cries."
Even though he sometimes regards his feelings as sins, he defends them as normal.
Next, Tennyson meditates upon the comfort he can gain from the Bible and upon how various
resurrections worked there. And no— he's not talking about literally raising Arthur from the dead.
Instead, it's all about considering the idea of being immortal in a Christian sense (where the good guys
get to go to Heaven). He he tries to take some comfort in that, but it's hard out here for a mourner.
So, he moves on to thinking about how nature fits in with The Big Picture. Tennyson starts to struggle
with finding meaning in a world that seems random and governed by uncomfortably new ideas such as
the Theory of Evolution (that reference to "Nature red in tooth and claw" is one big hint that this is very
much on Tenny's radar). He also struggles with the idea that God is good when he has seemingly created
a world filled with human suffering.
Tennyson finally takes comfort in the idea that humans, at least, are good— like his friend Arthur, who
was intelligent and really cared about people. He considers some answers to problems he previously set
up and, in what we might regard as the climax of the entire poem, imagines reuniting with Arthur. He
starts to feel better and lets go of some of his doubt.
Toward the end, he starts to realize that it's all about gaining knowledge, and that knowledge is one of
the higher purposes of humans. He also recognizes that human beings have souls, which allows for a
sort of immortality. He ends with an epilogue that celebrates the wedding of his sister. So, Tennyson has
lost a dear friend, but ends up gaining a brother-in-law whom he is hopeful might be a sort of stand-in
for Arthur.


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Lead, Kindly Light cardinal Newman SHORT SUMMARY

Lead, Kindly Light cardinal Newman

"Lead, Kindly Light, amidst th'encircling gloom,
Lead Thou me on!
The night is dark, and I am far from home,
Lead Thou me on!
Keep Thou my feet; I do not ask to see
The distant scene; one step enough for me.
I was not ever thus, nor prayed that Thou
Shouldst lead me on;
I loved to choose and see my path; but now
Lead Thou me on!
I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears,
Pride ruled my will. Remember not past years!
So long Thy power hath blest me, sure it still
Will lead me on.
O'er moor and fen, o'er crag and torrent, till
The night is gone,
And with the morn those angel faces smile,
Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile!
Meantime, along the narrow rugged path,
Thyself hast trod,
Lead, Saviour, lead me home in childlike faith,
Home to my God.
To rest forever after earthly strife
In the calm light of everlasting life."



As a young priest, Newman became sick while in Italy and was unable to travel for almost three weeks.
In his own words:
Before starting from my inn, I sat down on my bed and began to sob bitterly. My servant, who had acted
as my nurse, asked what ailed me. I could only answer, "I have a work to do in England." I was aching to
get home, yet for want of a vessel I was kept at Palermo for three weeks. I began to visit the churches,
and they calmed my impatience, though I did not attend any services. At last I got off in an orange boat,
bound for Marseilles. We were becalmed for whole week in the Straits of Bonifacio, and it was there
that I wrote the lines, Lead, Kindly Light, which have since become so well known.

the rainbow William Wordsworth SHORT SUMMARY JSSC ENGLISH PAPER

the rainbow William Wordsworth


My heart leaps up when I behold
A rainbow in the sky:
So was it when my life began;
So is it now I am a man;
So be it when I shall grow old,
Or let me die!
The Child is father of the Man;
And I could wish my days to be
Bound each to each by natural piety


The speaker is telling us about the feeling he gets, has always gotten, and will always get when he sees a
rainbow in the sky: his heart rejoices. He says that if he were ever to stop feeling this joy, he'd want to
die.

He presents the paradox (contradictory statement) that the child is the father of the man. In other
words, our adult selves still contain the kernel of our childhood selves. He wants his days to be, perhaps,
like the days of a child, filled with— and tied together by— a reverence for nature.

home thoughts from abroad Robert Browning JSSC ENGLISH POEM SHORT SUMMARY

SHORT SUMMARY HOME THOUGHTS FROM ABROAD - ROBERT BROWNING

Oh, to be in England
Now that April's there,
And whoever wakes in England
Sees, some morning, unaware,
That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf
Round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf,
While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough
In England— now!
And after April, when May follows,
And the whitethroat builds, and all the swallows!
Hark, where my blossomed pear-tree in the hedge
Leans to the field and scatters on the clover
Blossoms and dewdrops— at the bent spray's edge—
That's the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over,
Lest you should think he never could recapture
The first fine careless rapture!
And though the fields look rough with hoary dew,
All will be gay when noontide wakes anew
The buttercups, the little children's dower
— Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!


The speaker starts off with a wish: he wants to be back in England, now that it's April. Anyone who's
there now would be waking up to see beautiful elm trees and song birds, like the "chaffinch."
The speaker also tells us that next month, in May, an England-dweller would be able to check out birds
like whitethroats and swallows and thrushes. He or she would also enjoy the blossomed branches of the
pear trees and the fields full of buttercups.
In the meantime, the speaker is stuck here, just contemplating a "gaudy melon-flower"— and he doesn't
sound thrilled about it.

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jssc english paper note SONNET 60 SHORT SUMMARY BY NAVEEN BECK

sonnet 60 William Shakespeare

Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,
So do our minutes hasten to their end,
Each changing place with that which goes before,
In sequent toil all forwards do contend.
Nativity, once in the main of light,
Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crowned,
Crookèd eclipses 'gainst his glory fight,
And time that gave doth now his gift confound.
Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth,
And delves the parallels in beauty's brow,
Feeds on the rarities of nature's truth,
And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow.
And yet to times in hope my verse shall stand,
Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.



The speaker begins by comparing the minutes experienced by a human during his or her lifetime to the
waves of the sea. Each one follows immediately after the one that goes before it, but they all are
headed in one direction: the shore.
Then the speaker thinks of a different parallel for human life— the sun. The sun rises in the east, full of
light. Then, it slowly makes its way up the sky to its position at high noon. But then, out of nowhere,
"eclipses" come and blot it out. The speaker ends this second section by talking about how destructive
time is. You know, because it kills us and all.

The third section of the poem focuses in detail on time, who gets personified as a destructive force
laying everything to waste, Attila the Hun-style. And finally, the couplet of the sonnet— its last two lines
— tries to turn back the tide (so to speak) against time a little bit. How? By reminding us that at the very
least, this poem will last, and continue praising "thy worth" (whose worth? We'll find out) through the
centuries.
Up to this point in the poem, we haven't been given any indication that the speaker is speaking to
anyone in particular. The last line of the poem thus surprises us by revealing that everything we've
heard up to this point is actually part of a love poem. And not just any love poem, either. Shakespeare
was right— Sonnet 60 is one for the ages.

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